Acyclic or Aliphatic Compounds
– the aliphatic hydrocarbons can then be divided according to the type of bonding present between the carbon atoms
1) Alkanes –
2) Alkenes –
3) Alkynes –
organic compounds bonded in an open chain formation
all single bonds between carbons
at least one double bond between carbons
at least one triple bond between carbons
1) Alkanes
–
– prefix alk-
– suffix -ane
– with the presence of all single bonds
–
–
aliphatic hydrocarbons in which all of the carbon to carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
means aliphatic hydrocarbon
means all single bonds
the alkanes are considered to be saturated
meaning they are holding as many hydrogens as possible
– because they are saturated
–
– because you would have to replace a hydrogen if something else was brought in
– there are two other names for the alkanes as a group
A.
B.
Paraffin Series
Methane Series
the characteristic type of reaction for the alkanes is by replacement or substitution
2) Alkenes
–
– prefix alk-
– suffix -ene
– with the presence of a double bond
–
aliphatic hydrocarbons in which at least one of the carbon to carbon bonds is a double covalent bond
means aliphatic hydrocarbon
refers to the presence of at least one double bond between carbons
the alkenes are considered to be unsaturated
– if the double bond was broken
– because of being unsaturated
–
– because you could add something to the compound if the double bond is broken
– Alkenes also have two other names as a group:
a)
b)
meaning they could hold more hydrogens
the characteristic type of reaction for the alkenes is by addition
Olefin Series
Ethene Series
3) Alkynes –
– prefix alk-
– suffix -yne
– with the presence of a triple bond
–
–
-if the triple bond was broken
aliphatic hydrocarbons in which at least one of the carbon to carbon bonds is a triple covalent bond
means aliphatic hydrocarbon
refers to the presence of at least one triple bond between carbons
the alkynes are considered to be unsaturated
meaning they could hold more hydrogens
– because of being unsaturated
– the characteristic type of reaction for the alkynes is by addition
– because you could add something to the compound if the triple bond is broken
– Alkynes also have two other names as a group:
a)
b)
Acetylene Series
Ethyne Series