Classical and operant conditioning models provide explanations for how learning specifically takes place within the behaviorism perspective. The classical conditioning model (developed by Pavlov) describes a type of associative learning. Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli are presented at approximately the same time. One of the stimuli is an unconditioned stimulus (i.e., it has been shown to elicit an unconditioned response). The other stimulus (neutral stimulus), through its association with the unconditioned stimulus, begins to bring on a response, as well—it becomes a conditioned stimulus that brings about a conditioned response.
The operant conditioning model was developed by Skinner. Skinner believed there were two types of learning—classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning results when a response is followed by a reinforcing stimulus. The response produced is a voluntary one. The individual (or other organism) producing the response has complete control over whether the response occurs. Skinner’s term operant indicates that the individual willingly operates on the environment and therefore can have an effect on it