Huge studies that pull together multiple sets of data from entire populations. bioethics The study of all ethical issues involved in the biological sciences and health care. biomedicine The social institution that combines medicine, science, and technology. blaming the victim Process through which individuals are blamed for causing their problems. Blue Cross A group of private companies offering insurance that reimburses individuals primarily for the costs of hospital care, not including doctors’ bills. Blue Cross insurance is often offered and bought in conjunction with Blue Shield insurance. See also Blue Shield. Blue Shield A group of private companies offering insurance that reimburses individuals primarily for the costs of receiving care from doctors, especially care received in hospitals. Blue Shield insurance is often offered and bought in conjunction with Blue Cross insurance. See also Blue Cross. body project The intense focus on shaping one’s bodies to meet cultural norms to such an extent that doing so becomes central to one’s identity and life. boutique medicine Medical practices that charge patients a yearly administrative fee in addition to any charges for medical care.