Theologically, it was argued that the Jesuits were committed to a theology which was of questionable integrity, and which had dubious outcomes. These arguments were especially influential in France. The movement known as “Jansenism” developed within France, developing a theology of grace which it regarded as faithful to the ideas of Augustine of Hippo. This movement was condemned as heretical in 1713. The Jansen- ists then launched a major theological assault on the Jesuits, who they believed to have engineered their condemnation. Public sympathy for the Jansenists grew. The Jansenist magistrate Abbé Germain Louis de Chauvelin played a critically impor- tant role in persuading the parlement of Paris to examine the doctrine and the consti- tutions of the Jesuits, which eventually led to the suppression of the order in France and its colonies in 1764.