–Beliefs about health and social services: what the client understands to be the causes or reasons for illness, disability, or social problems, how he or she interprets symptoms, what he or she understands about treatment and his or her perceptions of treatment providers, stigma attached to illness or seeking help
–Cultural practices: how the client celebrates holidays, religious events, or other special occasions, participation in cultural institutions
–Oppression and discrimination: client’s experiences of discrimination or oppression in his or her country of origin, current experiences of oppression and discrimination
–Values and beliefs: beliefs about childbearing; child-rearingpractices; values concerning work and education –Family: gender role expectations, the importance placed on family, the boundaries between family members, role
expectations for children, parents, and older generations › Personal history