1. A westbound freeway segment has four 12-ft wide lanes (one direction), a 4-ft right shoulder, and 4 ramps in the 3 miles before and after the midpoint of the analysis segment. The peak-hour factor is 0.85. Westbound traffic during the peak hour is 4500 passenger cars, 350 single-unit trucks, and 150 tractor-trailer trucks. The freeway segment is on a 3.5% upgrade. What is the maximum length of this grade if no worse than LOS C must be maintained?
2. A freeway segment currently has four 11-ft wide lanes and a 3-ft right shoulder in the southbound direction. It is operating in LOS B with a traffic density of 15.6 pc/mi/ln and a peak-hour factor of 0.85. The freeway is on level terrain with 15% heavy vehicles, and currently has no on- or off- ramps within a distance of three miles upstream and downstream of the mid-point of the analysis section. New interchanges are to be constructed that would result in 6 on- and off-ramps within the distance of three miles upstream and downstream of the mid- point of the analysis section and total traffic volume is projected to double, with the same percentage of heavy vehicles, and the peak-hour factor going to 0.95. What would the new LOS and density be after the interchange construction and new traffic conditions?