Psychological reactance The theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) A subfield of psychology that examines the links among psychological factors, the brain and nervous system, and the immune system.
Public conformity A superficial change in overt behavior without a corresponding change of opinion that is pro- duced by real or imagined group pressure.
Public self-consciousness A personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others.
Racism Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another.