Müller, Johannes (1801–1858) Expanded the Bell–Magendie law by demonstrating that each sense receptor, when stimulated, releases an energy specific to that particular receptor. This finding is called the doc- trine of specific nerve energies.
Negative sensations According to Fechner, sensations that occur below the absolute threshold and are, therefore, below the level of awareness.
Panpsychism The belief that everything in the universe experiences consciousness.
Perception According to Helmholtz, the mental expe- rience arising when sensations are embellished by the recollection of past experiences.